Roughtly 750 000 years to be exact.
They use information extracted from ice cores.
Here's a link if you are interested:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core#Ice_core_data
And yes, if you've ever looked at a temperate/CO2 graph, you will see that they follow each other quite closely.
There is definitely a connection there somewhere.
The major players for and against global warming agree on this much.
Parts per million.
The exact ratio of CO2 is not as important as how much that ratio contributes to the retention of solar radiation.
Concerning the timeline, CO2 concentration stayed below or very close to 300 ppm for over 400 000 years (a time interval which saw the coming and going of several ice ages btw).
Now, we are at 380 ppm. Something changed around the time of the industrial revolution, thats for sure. What a coincidence that would be if a natural cause made the record (over thousands of years) CO2 increase happen at the exact same time as we started pumping out and burning oil at the onset of the industrial revolution.
Not in Canada, it hasn't.
The conservatives got elected which was the party who had the weakest environmental portfolio of the lot.
Additionally, I recently read an article claiming that Canada had a poor track record of waste disposal/water consumption/CO2 emission per capita, barely better than the US.
Reading the comments, I saw excuse ranging from "there is no global warming, its all a oax!" to "we're not a significant percentage of the world populace so what we do won't matter" to "We won't do it until <insert the name of a country here> does it" to "its our water and we'll do what we freaking want with it!".
Clearly, the environment is not an important issue in the voting masses mind and wasn't hyped nearly enough.
A great part of the reason I'm trying to form a better opinion based on facts is so that I can talk to my fellow Canadians about the environment in a convincing manner.
In my book, thats doing something.